Hardening Mechanisms of Massive Multiples
Quantifying disc torques, gas turbulence, and few-body dynamics
400
Realizations
99.94%
Disc Torque Share
40.5%
Merged
42.5%
Tight (< 5 AU)
75.12
Mean Hardening Ratio
1.6568
Median Hardening Ratio
Mechanism Contributions
Kozai-Lidov: Max Eccentricity vs Inclination
Hardening Ratio vs Primary Mass
Mechanism Dominance vs Separation